Python 시작하기 - MatPlotLib

그래프를 그리는 라이브러리 MatPlotLib를 소개한다.

MatPlotLib  공식사이트는 아래와 같다.

 

사이트에서 제공하는 예제로 테스트 해보자.

 

https://matplotlib.org/

Matplotlib — Visualization with Python

 

https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/mplot3d/2dcollections3d.html#sphx-glr-gallery-mplot3d-2dcollections3d-py

Plot 2D data on 3D plot — Matplotlib 3.8.2 documentation

 

폴더를 만들고 위 사이트에서 만든 폴더에 다운로드해서 저장하고 아래 순서대로 실행한다.

※ 순서

1. python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip
2. pip install virtualenv

폴더 생성 및 해당폴더로 이동
3. python -m virtualenv venv
4. .\venv\Scripts\activate
5. pip install matplotlib

6. python 2dcollections3d.py

※ 소스

"""

=======================

Plot 2D data on 3D plot

=======================

Demonstrates using ax.plot's *zdir* keyword to plot 2D data on

selective axes of a 3D plot.

"""

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

ax = plt.figure().add_subplot(projection='3d')

# Plot a sin curve using the x and y axes.

x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)

y = np.sin(x * 2 * np.pi) / 2 + 0.5

ax.plot(x, y, zs=0, zdir='z', label='curve in (x, y)')

# Plot scatterplot data (20 2D points per colour) on the x and z axes.

colors = ('r', 'g', 'b', 'k')

# Fixing random state for reproducibility

np.random.seed(19680801)

x = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))

y = np.random.sample(20 * len(colors))

c_list = []

for c in colors:

    c_list.extend([c] * 20)

# By using zdir='y', the y value of these points is fixed to the zs value 0

# and the (x, y) points are plotted on the x and z axes.

ax.scatter(x, y, zs=0, zdir='y', c=c_list, label='points in (x, z)')

# Make legend, set axes limits and labels

ax.legend()

ax.set_xlim(0, 1)

ax.set_ylim(0, 1)

ax.set_zlim(0, 1)

ax.set_xlabel('X')

ax.set_ylabel('Y')

ax.set_zlabel('Z')

# Customize the view angle so it's easier to see that the scatter points lie

# on the plane y=0

ax.view_init(elev=20., azim=-35, roll=0)

plt.show()

※ 화면